Tag: upstream-downstream
Posted in upstream vs downstream
Public health “Upstream – downstream parable”
Those who know public health know Irving Zola’s “upstream-downstream” parable. Irving Zola is a medical sociologist. His friend, John McKinlay, describes Zola’s parable in his 2019 article1 titled “A case for re-focusing upstream: The political economy of illness”1. The “Upstream boat” sails this upstream path. Following is the reproduction of…